You realize that these are entirely contradictory things, right?
Why would a company invest loads of money in onshoring production if the tariff could disappear tomorrow at the whim of a negotiating position?
Protectionism only works in a stable environment where the expected conditions will last long enough to create domestic production and get a return on investment. Otherwise, a company could find themselves having invested a fortune and still competing with cheaper overseas markets.
This is why the protectionist angle is not really viable here because he has already backed out of tariffs several times in the last few months. There is no stability in the policy to give businesses the confidence that the conditions will survive the week (not to mention the year+ it would actually take to seriously gear up production).
Spot on.
Since they went with 10% flat tariff
and additional adval tarrifs for countries we have high trade deficits with, while suggesting in the proclamation (and Trump publicly saying so today) that the latter tariffs can be negotiated away, they haven't provided clarity on the question of what their end goal is: protection/reshoring of production, revenue generation, or helping American firms to easier sell their goods and services overseas (regardless of where they are made). Protection and creation of tariff revenue can work together; protection and reciprocity (we'll have 0 tariff and non tariff barriers if you do too) are antagonistic to one another.
Trump's tariff policy in his first term, I'd argue was all about reciprocity, using the levers of state power to help American companies sell more goods and services overseas. Occasional lip service was paid to protection/reshoring.
Remains to be seen whether this time will be different. If they're serious about protection/reshoring, then the additional adval tariffs won't go away and any efforts by say Apple to move production from a high trade deficit country to a low one will be futile as the new country will then have high deficit and will be added to the list. Nothing from his first term nor the trade jawboning this term prior to yesterday suggests this outcome is a real possibility.
WRT to markets, if the additional adval tariffs are for show and either don't go into effect on the 9th or are negotiated away soon after, I don't see any reason not to expect a v-shaped recovery to new highs like after the mini-tech bear market at the end of '18 in his first term.
If the leopard has changed his spots and they're serious about protection/reshoring, we will see markets reprice to the downside massively - far more so than we saw in COVID crash or the '22 bear market, IMO.